Brecht

Bertolt Brecht was a German theatre practitioner. he made and shaped theatre in a way that had a huge impact on its development. many of his ideas were so revolutionary that they changed the theatrical landscape forever. modern theatre owes a lot to his methods.

Brecht was against cathartic theatre. he believed that while the audience in the action onstage and became emotionally involved they lost the ability to think and to judge. he wanted his audiences to remain objective and distant from emotional involvement so that they could make considered and rational judgments about any social comment or issues in his work . to do this he used a range of theatrical devices or techniques so that the audience remained throughout that they were watching theatre;  a presentation of life, not real life itself .his kind of theatre was called Epic Theatre. he called the act of distancing the audience from emotional involvement the verfremdungseffekt 

Narration 
narration is used to remind the audience that they're watching is a presentation of a story. sometimes the narrator will tell us what happens in the story before it has happened.